Sir Airffic GoNumara kumenya sensor, uzoca ubona ningoga ico isosiyete imwimwe yizigiye.
Ubwoko butandatu bw'amaso n'ukwumva
Kamera zifata umuco nk'amaso y'umuntu. Zirahendutse, ntiziremereye kandi zibona amabara n'inyandiko, ni co gituma ari zo zikoreshwa cane.
LiDAR irasa imishwarara ya laser maze igaharura igihe igarukira kugira ipime intera neza. Ikora no mu mwiza, ariko uburemere n'igiciro ni ingorane.
Radar ikoresha imiraba ya radiyo. Ibona ibintu biri kure mu mvura, mu gihu no mu mwiza, ni co gituma iri imbere mu kwirinda gutomerana no mu kumenya drone.
Kamera z'ubushuhe zibona itandukaniro ry'ubushuhe — ni nziza mu kurondera abantu mw'ijoro no mu kurondera ahashushe cane ku bisenge no ku nsinga z'umuyagankuba.
IMU (ipima umuvuduko wiyongera n'ukuzunguruka) na GNSS (kumenya ahantu biciye kuri satelite, nka GPS) ni ukwumva kw'imbere kwa drone. Iyo bihujwe n'izindi sensor ziraba hanze ni ho gusa bitanga ukuguruka kudahuzagurika.
| Sensor | Inkomezi | Intege nke | Ivyo ikoreshwa cane |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kamera (umuco ubonwa) | Irahendutse, ntiremereye, ibona utuntu twinshi | Umwiza, igihu, umuco ukaze | Gutahura, SLAM, igenzura |
| Kamera ya stereo / y'uburebure | Intera iri hafi | Ntiyizewe ku biri kure | Kwirinda intambamyi |
| LiDAR | Intera nyayo, ikora mu mwiza | Iraremereye, irahenda, igabanuka mu mvura | Ipimwa ry'ubutaka, kubona insinga ntoyi |
| Radar ya mmWave | Imvura, igihu, ijoro, kure | Utuntu dutoyi tw'ishusho | Detect-and-avoid, kumenya drone |
| Ubushuhe (thermal) | Ibona ubushuhe, ikomeye mw'ijoro | Amashusho atagaragara neza cane | Kurondera no gutabara, igenzura ry'ibikorwa remezo |
| IMU + GNSS | Ukugenda kwayo n'aho iri | GNSS ntikora mu nzu canke iyo ibujijwe | Kuringaniza indege, kuyobora inzira |
Igituma guhuza sensor ari vyo bitsindisha
Sensor yose ifise intege nke. Wizigiye imwe gusa, drone ica ihuma igihe izo ntege nke zibonetse.
Rero kamera imenya ico ikintu ari co, radar yemeza ingene kiri kure, na IMU yuzuza ingene drone yagiye. Ivyo ni vyo vyitwa sensor fusion.
Amasosiyete azi guhuza neza akora indege zibandanya gukora n'igihe ikirere n'ahantu bihindutse. Kutahagarara ni co kintu gifise agaciro kuruta ibindi kuri drone y'ubucuruzi.
Ikirere kitagira GNSS catumye sensor zigira agaciro
Ibimenyetso vya GNSS ntibishika munsi y'ibiraro, mu nzira zo munsi y'isi canke mu bubiko. Ku rugamba, ukubuza ibimenyetso ku bigirankana vyabaye ibisanzwe.
Ugukenera kuguruka ukoresheje kamera na IMU gusa (visual navigation) kwariyongereye cane kuva mu 2022.
Ntibiraba igisoda gusa. Ubwo buhinga nyene bufasha igenzura ryo mu nzu n'ugushikiriza ibintu mu bisagara.
Sir Airffic GoIrashobora kuguruka igihe radiyo yahagaze? Ico ni co kigeragezo ciza kuruta ibindi co kumenya nimba ukwigenga ari ukw'ukuri.
Ibiriko biraba ku isoko rya sensor
Ibice vya kamera bikorwa ari vyinshi ku bwa terefone ngendanwa vyatumye amaso ya drone ahenduka cane.
Radar na LiDAR biriko biraba bitoyi kandi bihenduka kubera imiduga ikorwa ari myinshi, rero ubu birakwira kuri drone.
Sensor nyinshi rero zitera imbere biciye ku masoko manini atari aya drone. Abahinga ba drone bategerezwa kwitandukanya mu ngene bahuza sensor no muri porogaramu, atari mu bice.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Ni sensor izihe drone zikoresha mu kwirinda intambamyi?
Kamera za stereo canke z'uburebure ku biri hafi, radar ku biri kure no mu kirere kibi, na LiDAR ku bintu bitoyi nk'insinga. Indege nyinshi zihuza nyinshi muri zo.
Ni irihe tandukaniro hagati ya LiDAR na radar?
LiDAR ikoresha umuco wa laser mu gupima intera neza no kwubaka amashusho y'ibice bitatu (3D). Radar ikoresha imiraba ya radiyo; ntibona neza nk'iyo ariko ibona ibintu biri kure mu mvura, mu gihu no mu mwiza.